This initiative is necessitated by the enterprises having to look at their immediate external value chain, which in every instance would call for improved systems efficiency, thereby strengthening the value chain itself.
Gold is negatively correlated with the external value of the US dollar, so that a US dollar appreciation is often associated with weakness in the price of gold ," Dr Marie Owens Thomsen, chief economist, Indosuez Wealth Management, told Gulf News.
To achieve this, the QNI measures both the internal value of nationality - the quality of life and opportunities for personal growth within a nationality's country of origin - and the external value of nationality - which identifies the diversity and quality of opportunities that nationalities allow us to pursue outside our country of origin," Dr Kochenov said.
Through analysing the impact of major economic, environmental and social trends, considering the company's impact on society and markets, as well as understanding the company's public perception, CFOs gain an external value focus.
The political implications recall the experience of the 20th century, when the pound's external value was a national obsession in the UK and currency crises regularly destroyed the credibility of governments and wreaked political havoc.